Purolite announces it has released a web version of its proprietary softening calculator, Puredesign-Softening, to the general public. This calculator estimates the ion exchange resin requirements for softening of ground, potable, process and waste waters. Shabad kirtan download. Commend them on the design quality of their work done on the ion-exchange plant. Thank you to Prof. Jochen Petersen from the University of Cape Town for his. WELCOME Purolite ® is the world leader in resin-based separation, purification and extraction technology. Purolite is more than a resin company. We're your solutions company. Have a question about ion exchange, adsorbent, chelation, catalyst or specialty resins? ![]() The simple-to-use tool requires minimum input to estimate ion exchange resin requirements to soften water, provides a summary printout of the input data and calculated requirements and is available at no cost. The software can be accessed from the ‘Company’ dropdown menu. Ion exchange capacity Introduction Ion exchange is a cyclic process: ions are loaded to resins, the resins get progressively exhausted, and when there is no place to load more ions, the loading phase is interrupted, and the resins must be regenerated. Ion exchange capacity indicates the quantity of ions loaded to the resin. Definitions Total capacityThe total capacity of a resin sample is the number of ion exchange sites. See at the end of the page. Typical capacity values are given. In other words, the total capacity is the maximum theoretical quantity of ions that the resin can load. Operating capacityAlso called useful capacity, it is the number of ion exchange sites where exchange has really taken place during the loading run. It is also the number of resin charges — not the number of ions because some ions have more than one charge — picked up by the resin in one cycle. In other words, the operating capacity is the actual quantity of ions loaded on the resin between regenerations. It depends on several. The ion exchange capacity is expressed as eq/L (equivalents per litre of resin). The unit of mole should be avoided altogether in ion exchange, as it does not take valence into account and brings only confusion. For reference: 1 eq = 1 mole / valence. The operating capacity is always smaller than the total capacity. We will see why. Zone of exchange Ideal case Start of the run Middle of the run End of the run In an ideal case, we would start with a fully regenerated resin. During the exhaustion run, the exchange front would be absolutely flat, meaning that each infinitesimal resin layer would be instantaneously converted from regenerated to exhausted, capturing the incoming ions with an infinite speed of exchange. This flat front would move down the column as more ions are removed from water. At some point, the flat front would reach the bottom of the column, and the resin would then be totally exhausted. In such a case, the operating capacity would be equal to the total capacity of the resin. This case does not exist in practice, as the exchange front is not flat and the resin is not always fully regenerated at the beginning of the run. In the real world, there are two cases: Case 1: the resin is totally regenerated at the beginning of the run (WAC & WBA) Start of the run Middle of the run End of the run At the start of the run, the resin is totally regenerated. In the course of the loading run, the top layers of the bed get progressively exhausted. However, the exchange reaction is not infinitely fast, as the ions must find their way to available sites inside each resin bead.
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